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As Pakistan marks Independence Day on August 14, unrest in Balochistan and Pakistan Occupied Kashmir is putting renewed pressure on Islamabad. Here is what is happening, why the two crises are different, and why they matter.
Mahrang Baloch has emerged as a prominent voice in Balochistan’s rights movement. Her activism, detention and 2026 life sentence have drawn international attention to missing persons, peaceful dissent and the conflict in Pakistan’s largest province.
The history of Balochistan since 1947 has been shaped by the disputed accession of Kalat, demands for autonomy, repeated insurgencies, military operations and competition over Gwadar, CPEC and mineral resources.
India has reaffirmed that the Indus Waters Treaty remains in abeyance, while Pakistan has renewed warnings over water rights through statements by political and military leaders. The dispute remains a key issue in India-Pakistan relations with implications for regional diplomacy and water security.
The Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–1816 between the Gurkhas and the East India Company reshaped South Asia, led to the Treaty of Sugauli, and established the famous Gurkha military tradition that continues to this day.